The HOXA13 gene is a key member of the homeobox gene family, which encodes transcription factors critical for embryonic development and cell differentiation. Mutations in HOXA13 have been associated with hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) and other developmental disorders [NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center]. The HOXA13 protein plays an essential role in limb formation, urogenital tract development, and stem cell regulation [National Library of Medicine].
HOXA13 Antibody: Overview and Utility
The HOXA13 antibody is widely used in biological research to detect HOXA13 protein expression in tissue samples and cell cultures. These antibodies are essential tools for Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, aiding in the understanding of HOXA13 function in developmental biology and disease pathology [NCBI Gene Database].
Biological Role of HOXA13 in Development
HOXA13 is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression during embryogenesis. It is particularly important for limb morphogenesis, as well as the urogenital system. Loss-of-function mutations in HOXA13 result in limb malformations, whereas overexpression can lead to tumorigenesis in various cancers [National Cancer Institute]. Recent studies highlight its role in bladder cancer progression and prostate cancer [PubMed].
Applications of HOXA13 Antibody in Research
- Developmental Biology: HOXA13 antibody is used to analyze its expression patterns during embryonic development [Embryology at UNSW].
- Cancer Research: Studies link HOXA13 to aggressive tumors, including leukemia, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer [National Cancer Institute].
- Gene Regulation Studies: ChIP-seq studies use HOXA13 antibodies to identify binding sites and downstream target genes [Genome.gov].
- Stem Cell Research: HOXA13 is implicated in stem cell differentiation and pluripotency maintenance [Stem Cell Information at NIH].
- Epigenetics: HOXA13 interacts with histone-modifying enzymes, influencing chromatin remodeling and gene silencing [Epigenomics.gov].
HOXA13 Mutations and Disease Associations
Mutations in HOXA13 are linked to:
- Hand-Foot-Genital Syndrome (HFGS): A rare autosomal dominant disorder causing limb malformations and urogenital defects [Genetics Home Reference].
- Congenital Anomalies: HOXA13 mutations have been associated with VACTERL association, a complex condition involving vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb defects [CDC Birth Defects].
- Cancer Progression: Elevated HOXA13 expression is correlated with high-grade tumors and poor prognosis in bladder, lung, and colorectal cancers [National Cancer Institute].
HOXA13 Antibody Selection and Experimental Considerations
When selecting a HOXA13 antibody, researchers should consider:
- Species Reactivity: HOXA13 antibodies are validated for use in human, mouse, and rat models [Antibody Registry].
- Validation Techniques: Ensure validation through Western blot, IHC, and ELISA [Protein Atlas].
- Specificity: Use knockout (KO) controls to confirm antibody specificity [NIH Reproducibility Guidelines].
Future Research and Implications
Ongoing research aims to:
- Characterize HOXA13 targets using RNA sequencing and single-cell transcriptomics [ENCODE Project].
- Develop targeted therapies for HOXA13-driven cancers through CRISPR-based gene editing [NIH CRISPR Research].
- Investigate HOXA13 in regenerative medicine, particularly in limb regeneration models [NIH Regenerative Medicine].
Conclusion
The HOXA13 antibody is an indispensable tool for studying developmental processes, gene regulation, and disease pathology. As research advances, understanding HOXA13 function will provide new insights into congenital disorders, cancer progression, and regenerative medicine. For the latest publications and datasets, visit NCBI, PubMed, and the Human Protein Atlas.